Presentation paper - 3 Literary Theory and Criticism

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Prose, pem and poetry from dharma gohel

Presentation paper - 1 Renaissance Literature

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Seven deadly sins from dharma gohel

Coleridge's view on Prose, Pem and Poetry

↠ Samuel Taylor Coleridge's : Biographia Literaria :

Biographia literaria includes some of the most important English writing on poetic theory. Some of it is a response to ideas of poetry advanced by his close friend and collaborator WILLIAM WORDSWORTH first in the 1800 preface to their joint publication LYRICAL BALLADSand then in the preface to wordsworth's collection poems(1815). referring to the letter, coleridge says he wants in Biographia Literaria to make clear 'on what points I coincide with the opinions in that preface, and in what points I altogether differ'.



MAJOR WORKS:


Demonic poems: - The rime of the Ancient Mariner
- Kubla Khan
- christabel

Conversational poems: - Frost at Morning
- Dejection: An Ode

Essays: - Biographia Litraria
- Lecture on Shakespear



Difference between poem and prose:




According to Coleridge:

Poem and Prose can not be distinguish from rhyme or meter but he said ultimate and immediate can make them different . The immediate aim of prose is to show truth and the immediate aim of poetry is to give aesthetic pleasure. The ultimate aim of poetry is to show truth.

Poem:

In Poem I can observe that if a person writes his own creation it includes his feelings, emotions and also his life long experiance that's call poem.


Prose:

Prose means, " written or spoken language in its ordinary form without metrical structure" or "Words in their best order"

Example:
If a writer says something directly or in a prosaic form has different impression than a poet says in poetic manner. If a writer expressed love in prose is good but the lines "my love is like a red red rose..." is more affective. The second one gives truth with delight while the first one is just related with truth. so the prose has all the quailites but it ha slight different and i's the feeling of delight.




ELEMENTS OF PROSE AND POEM:

POEM PROSE

METRE METRE
RHYME RHYME
DICTION
THEME
HARMONIZE

THE NATURE OF POEM

VERBAL EXPRESSION OF ACTIVITY

POEM SHOULD BE PLEASURABLE

POEM DEFINED AS A SPECIES OF COMPOSITION


THE NATURE OF PROSE:
IMMIDIATE PURPOSE TO GIVE TRUTH:

"It must be one , the parts of which mutually supports and explain each other; all in their proportion harmonizing with , and supporting the purpose and known influence of metrical arrangement."

According to Coleridge:

"poetry of the highest kind may exist without meter and even without rhyme and was contra-distinguish object of mind."

The main difference between poem and poetry is...
For it is a distinguish resulting from the poetic genius itself , which sustains and modifies the images, thoughts, and emotion of the poetic's own mind. Thus the difference between poem and poetry is not clear, to defining poetry proceeds to enumerate the characteristics of the imagination.

Dr. Faustus

1) The play directed by Matthew Dunster for Globe theatre ends with this scene (see the image of Lucifer). What does it signify?

A.

 The lat scene of the play directed by Matthew Dunster for globe theatre signifies the highest level of weakedness. Lucifer is the prince of devil, the ruler of hell and Mephistophillis' master. Mephistophilis's words that,

"  I am a servant to great Lucifer

And may not follow thee without his leave. "

Above words shows the power of Lucifer and after gaining Faustus's soul as per blood contract, he becomes even more powerful which is clearly shown in above image.

2) Is God present in the play? If yes, where and how? If No, why?

A. Yes, God is undoubtedly present in the present play. God is invisibly visible in the mind of protagonist. Whenever Faustus is about to commit something which can't be considered as good, there is voice of God in form of old man and good angel. 

     

When Faustus calls Helen, at that time old man tells him that, don't go on that path. After that you won't be a man but an evil. 

we can also find God in the form of good angel who warns Faustus to leave his desire to learn necromancy.

" O Faustus, lay that damned book aside;

  And gazed not on it lest it tempt thy soul."  

3) What reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central theme of the play Dr. Faustus?

A.   

This image is portrayal of two Greek mythological character of Icarus and Daedalus. Daedalus makes waxen wings for his son who desires to fly in the sky. Daedalus warns Icarus to not fly higher in the sky, but Icarus disobeyed his father and therefore fall and drowned into the see. He is the only one who is responsible for his own downfall.

Aristotle's Poetics

Response to thinking activity on Aristotle's Poetics. Click here

Plato's objection to Aristotle:-


1) yes, i am agree with plato's objection to freedom expression artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers. Nowadays the telecast of T.V serials like Crime petrol, CID, and Savdhan India shows. These type of negative sense reflected on children's mind because they were also see this kind of serials.

2) During my B.A. studies i have studied the play Othello,the play follows Aristotlian tragedy. Othello is a tragic hero of the play and he provoked by Iago and he killed Desdemona. at that time creates Catharsis as a tragic quality. Othello's careless view shows that it followed Aristotelian tragedy.

3) B.A. text Hairy Ape doesn't follow Aristotelian literary tradition. It is a modern tragedy.

4) I have studied Tughlaq in my B.A. programme. The play is an artistically presented the complexity of protagonist and the play is full of intrigues. Tragic hero highly placed individual.

5) yes, Othello followes the plot of tragedy proposed by Aristotle like chain of cause and effect, principle of probability and necessity, harmonious arrangement of incidents, complete, certain magnitude, unity of action etc.

Presentation paper 4

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Paper no 4 from dharma gohel

Dryden's essay : of Dramatic Poesy

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1. Do you think any difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play?

Aristotle's definition of tragedy"Tragedy then is imitation of an action that..................  these and similar emotions."

Dryden's definition of "just and lively image of human nature........for the delight and instructions of mankind "

Here is the main difference in it that Dryden says that a play must present image of  human nature. While Aristotle says that it shows pity and fear and also an  imitation of an action.so in that way main different about humans reaction and expression when he watches tragedy or play.

2. If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you on the side of the ancient or modern?

I would like to be on the side of the ancient because at that time three unites were presented good and well. Crites also defending the ancient and said that " in all things " and offered nothing really new in terms of " serious thoughts "  he also says that " we have to remember that we are probably missing a lot of subtleties the language are dead and the customs far removed from this time ".one proverb is  that "old  is gold" so I  would like to take a side of ancient time.

3. Do you think that the arguments presented in favour of the French play and against English plays are appropriate?

Yes I think French play is appropriate than English play because in  French pay plots are always based on some well known story and the story is suitable modified and transformed for dramatic purpose.while in English play even great Shakespeare do not modify and transformed their story for dramatic purpose. This and other reason are favouring to the French paly. So I think the argument is appropriate.

4.what would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?

I would be preference as poetic dialogue are concerned in the play because in  the play use of rhyme are also shows importance of poetic dialogue. Without rhymes play not become live and interested . Rhymes affects readers emotions and feelings . If we use appropriate poetic dialogue in appropriate place in the play  it's become more beautiful.